Marks and Meanings - 935 Words

Kylee Lologo Professor Turnbull English 1A 9 July 2014 Marks and Meanings Tattoos are just one way that someone can express themselves. There are thousands of designs and artists that are able to create pictures desired by some people. There are many styles of tattoos that are seen today such as; American traditional, Japanese traditional, realism, and portrait. One style that is completely different from the rest is Polynesian tribal tattoos. Polynesian tattoos are separate from the rest in that their design is very structured and geometrical. Following lines and shapes each tattoo may have their own style, but all of them are similar because of the details that go into them. With each island in Polynesia the tattoos may differ,†¦show more content†¦The tattoo artist will dip the bone combs into the ink and puncture the skin repeatedly in order for the ink to set into the skin. He works with two assistants that will stretch the skin and wipe the excess ink off of the body. This process takes place while lying on mats put on th e ground with the artist around the patient. Usually family members will surround the space to give support to the man who is getting the tattoo. If he was not to finish the tattoo, it is seen as a sign of weakness, and he will bring great shame to him and his family. These tattoos could ultimately take weeks to finish and is a very painful process to go through. Just sitting through what it takes to receive the tattoo shows a sign of strength and having the tattoo is believed to bring good to who have it. Getting these tattoos takes a lot of thought and consideration. Thinking about the different symbols that one wants inside the tattoo depends solely on the reason they are getting it. The placement is also a factor that leads to the meaning of the tattoo and can ultimately change what the whole thing stands for. Going through the process of this is a task within itself, and once you start, it is not worth it to stop. Polynesian tattoos are a separate art that needs to be appreciat ed for all of the hard work and thought that goes into eachShow MoreRelatedCritically assess the view that the word â€Å"good† has no real meaning (35 marks)2130 Words   |  9 Pages Critically assess the view that the word â€Å"good† has no real meaning (35 marks) Meta ethics looks at ethical language and helps us to identify whether the word good is meaningful. Analytical statements are sentences that are true because of the relationship between the subject and the predicate. Analytical statements are usually self-explanatory, e.g. all carnivores eat meat; we know what a carnivore eats which is meat, the subject is the carnivore and the predicate here is the meat. AnalyticalRead MoreThe Deconstructive Angel (Meyer H. Abrams, 1912-)1687 Words   |  7 Pagesexpositions, his ultimate recourse is to these black marks on white paper as the sole things that arc actually present in reading, and so are not fictitious constructs, illusions, phantasms; the visual features of these black-on-blanks he expands in multiple dimensions of elaborately figurative significance, only to contract them again, at telling moments, to their elemental status. The only things that are patently there when we look at the text arc marks that are demarcated, and separate d into groupsRead MoreComparison Between Marks And Spencer And Burberry Plc1566 Words   |  7 Pages Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Background information 3 1.1.1 Burberry 3 1.1.2 Marks Spencer (MS) 3 2.0 Ratios 3 2.1 Burberry plc. ratios for the years ended 31 March 3 2.2 Marks Spencer plc. for the years ended 31 March 4 3.0 Analysis 5 3.1 Profitability Ratios 5 3.1.1 Return on Shareholders’ funds (ROSF) 5 3.1.2 Return on Capital Employed 5 3.1.3 Gross Profit Margin 5 3.1.4 Operating Profit Margin 5 3.2 Liquidity Ratios 6 3.2.1 Current Ratio 6 3.2.2 Inventory TurnoverRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War974 Words   |  4 Pages(O’Brien 90). Pink is a combination of white and red. White symbolizes purity which depicts her innocence at the beginning of the story (The Meaning of Colors). The name Mary represents innocence (The Name of Mary). Mary is the name of the Virgin who gave birth to Jesus. Virginity represents purity. Red is both a symbol of strength, danger and passion (The Meaning of Colors). This depicts that Mary Anne had two separate paths to choose from. How to Read Literature Like a Professor states, â€Å"The real reasonRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne And Edgar Allen Poe1318 Words   |  6 Pagesa hand-shaped mark upon her cheek and has been convinced by her husband to get the birthmark removed because in his eyes it limits her perfection. She feels the pressure from her husband to get it removed so she will feel accepted by him. â€Å"Ligeia† is a narrative of a young bride, Rowena, who is intende d to be the successor of her husband’s deceased wife, but falls far short of the man’s ideal image of his first wife. Jeffrey Howard’s analysis of â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Birth-Mark† and Jeffrey Howard’sRead MoreHow Far Did the Weimar Republic Recover Under Stresemann?1139 Words   |  5 Pagesproblematic time for the Weimar Republic. There were still huge economic, political and social problems following the First World War. The Weimar Government had been forced to accept the humiliating and crippling terms of the Treaty Of Versailles meaning Germany was put under a huge amount of strain. Germanys standing in the world had been limited greatly by the Treaty as well. Stresemann had to address these problems and begin recovery of the Weimar Republic even under the harsh terms of the TreatyRead More Oppression and Spiritual Deterioration in William Blakes Poem London1154 Words   |  5 PagesOppression and Spiritual Deterioration in William Blakes Poem London London I wander thro each charterd street, 1 Near where the charterd Thames does flow, 2 And mark in every face I meet, 3 Marks of weakness, marks of woe. 4 In every cry of every Man, 5 In every Infants cry of fear, 6 In every voice, in every ban, 7 The mind-forgd manacles I hear: 8 How the Chimney-sweepers cry 9 Every blackning Church appalls, 10 And the hapless SoldiersRead MoreBiblical Symbols Of The Bible1320 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the Gospels, there are various symbols which have meanings that are harder to grasp from one reading alone. Many symbols in the Bible need deeper analyses and background knowledge to be able to fully understand and comprehend. Throughout the centuries, there have been countless attempts to decode and explain such symbols, some of which have been made by Origen of Alexandria. Origen proposed a threefold structure for the meanings of Scripture, and I will be using this structure to explainRead MoreWhy Is Human Communication Complex? Essay1178 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication complex? (2 marks) I want you to explain how non-rich and rich forms of communication affect effective communication? What is it about the differences between the two that impact the successful transmission of a message communicated? Human communication can be complex because people can interpret language very differently. Everyone expresses their views, feelings opinions differently from other people. 2.Identify and explain three barriers to effective communication. (3 marks) The 3 barriesRead MoreThe Synoptic Relationship : The Four Source Hypothesis1472 Words   |  6 PagesNew Testament, Matthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels. All three of them share some of the same stories and some common materials, such as some of the arrangements of the common material follow Mark’s order and some common material from Matthew or Luke are different from Mark’s order, and then some agree with Mark’s order. According to the Eight General Rules of the Synoptic, Matthew includes roughly 90% of Mark and Luke includes roughly 50%. Since Mark is shorter than either

Bullying in Schools Essay - 1743 Words

Bullying in Schools Many people feel that some of the major issues that plague our schools are drug/alcohol use or violence, yet no one recognizes the significance of school bullying. For the victims of bullying, they go to school everyday facing harassment, taunting, and humiliation. For all potential educators, it is very important to realize that bullying is a problem, so that they can work to prevent it in the future. Since being at Middle School, I have realized how prevalent bullying is on a daily basis. In addition to reading various sources, I decided to ask some of my students about the bullying they experience or witness in their own school environment. I felt learning about bullying directly from the students†¦show more content†¦Most bullies are male, popular, and often athletes (Espelage 2001). They have excellent social skills, with the ability to attract many followers, and easily manipulate others (Bullies... 2001). Bullies are psychologically strong and very popular among their peers. This peer status is important in terms of boosting their well-being. Its disturbing to think that bullies are feeling really good about themselves. Bullying behavior is self-reinforcing: When kids find that putting others down earns them approval from their peers, they are likely to do it again and again. Many times they can easily butter up to adults, making them unsuspecting bullies (Espelage 2001). In general, a bully is someone who teases and intimidates other students, although there are many other ways to bully a fellow student. Many people feel the typical bully comes from a broken home, but this is not necessarily true. Yet, the less supervision a child gets at home, the more likely he is to be a bully. About 30 to 40% of bullies show some levels of depression, and their bullying is often a cry for help. (Espelage 2001). I asked the student what they thought caused students to bully one another and I was very impressed with their responses. One student felt bullies e xist because they ?...can?t get their way at home.? Many of the other students felt very similarly. One student even thought that maybe bullies were bullied as littleShow MoreRelatedSchool Bullying : Bullying And Bullying2186 Words   |  9 Pages School Bullying Susan Polk Chamberlain School of Nursingâ€Æ' School Bullying Tyler Clementi 18, a freshman in college. Phoebe Prince 15, a high school sophomore. Jamey Rodemeyer 14, a freshman in high school. Megan Meier 13, an eighth grade middle school student. Mitchell Wilson 11, a sixth grade middle school student. Ashlynn Conner 10, a fifth grade elementary school. They are all victims of bullying and today they are all dead from suicide because of being bullied. Bullies are in elementary/middle/high/Read MoreSchool Bullying : How Does Bullying Affect Children?1299 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Bullying How does bullying affect children? Name: Thai Nguyen Phuc Dang ( Dom ) Teacher: Jack Moon ID number: 4956206 Due date: 04/05/2015 Subject code and title: EDU00004 – ACADEMIC AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS B â€Æ' Abstract School bullying is one of the issues being hotly debated today. It effects on daily life, psychological and physical of each student. This is the issue that parents and teachers must understand to be able to control their children in a better way. This report will showRead MoreBullying : Are Schools Doing Their Part?2203 Words   |  9 PagesMiranda1 Jessie Miranda Honors English 10 Period 2 18 March 2016 Bullying: Are Schools Doing their Part? Bullying is bound to happen anywhere at any time but occurs mostly within school limits. Kathleen Winkler defines bulling in her book, Bullying, as â€Å"...any kind of ongoing physical or verbal mistreatment, done with the intent to harm, where there is an imbalance of power between bully and victim† (Winkler 14). Bullying has an extremely important impact on one’s everyday life and can affect theirRead MoreAddressing the Problem of Bullying in Schools Essay885 Words   |  4 Pageswidespread problem of bullying, especially in schools, and that bullying is identified as a serious problem that merits intervention and research (Coy). Therefore, relatively little effort has been made to overcome or address the problem, which still remains a widespread social vice. This paper purports to illustrate how, despite efforts made to rectify the situation, bullying still remains rampant, and is getting worse. Bullying is defined generallyRead MoreBullying And Bullying At School983 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I was a young girl and I would discuss bullying with my parents I always told â€Å"You never let anyone bully you or put their hands on you†. It was a common in my society to hear the statement â€Å"If someone hits you then you hit them back†. Now that I am a mother the thought of those statements still come to mind, when speaking to my children about bullying at school. In today’s society what we know and understand as bullying does not require a school or playground, these actions take place rightRead MoreBullying At School As Bullying846 Words   |  4 Pages School administrators and personnel have long been tasked with handling the bullying culture that is so prominent in and out of the classroom. While the concept of bullying is certainly not new, its reach has expanded in a number of ways—and more and more recently, schools are being called to action after incidences of repeated bullying have beckoned students to flirt with the idea of taking their own life. Before entering a discussion on bullying, it’s important to come to a common definition ofRead MoreBullying in School1085 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowing up all the school change a lot though the years over time. The school is supposed to be a safe place and secure environment. There is an increase concern about recognizing, interviewing, to preventing bully within the school. What are we suppose to do about Bullying? To recognizing bullying is to identify type of bullying. First improve the lives strategies and intervolves both parties the victim and the bully. There are many challenge for barriers by involves school programs! A smallRead MoreBullying in Schools822 Words   |  4 PagesSchool bullying is a distinct form of aggressive behaviour, usually involving a power imbalance. It can be physically, verbally and, more recently, electronically threatening, and can cause emotional, physical and psychological harm. Bullying in schools historically has been seen as a fundamental part of childhood. (Campbell, 2005 p68) It was seen as a social, educational and racial issue that needed little research and attention, until in the 1970’s and 80’s researchers began pioneering studiesRead MoreBullying in Schools1208 Words   |  5 PagesBanks, R. (2000, April). Bullying in Schools. Retrieved May 19, 2014, from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED407154.pdf Bullying is considered to be a global problem that can have negative consequences. As a result, researchers continue to formulate solutions in which students can feel safe. Bullying can also result in lifelong consequences for both the students who are being bullied, and the students are bullying them. According to the ERIC development team, bullying is comprised of direct behaviorsRead MoreSchool Bullying2394 Words   |  10 PagesSchool Bullying  Essays Bullying is not a new behavior.   Kids have been exposed to bullying in school for generations.   Now, however, bullying has taken on new heights and sometimes victims of bullies suffer severe and lasting consequences. The topic has gained not only national attention but international attention since it is a phenomenon that exists in many countries.   School bullying essays look into this very serious matter and how it is being addressed. Like essays on classroom management, essays

Genre, Plot, And Theme Of This Play - 1321 Words

1) Discuss the genre, plot, and theme of this play. The genre is a musical comedy. The rock music of the eighties moves the play through the story that is centered in the Bourbon Room bar in Los Angeles. Most of the characters in the play used to be in a rock band, currently are in a rock band or are trying hard to get into a rock band. The girls who wanted or currently want to make in movies are bar waitresses and strippers. Big business wants to close down the strip and develop a new business district. The classic rock hits and the main love interest moves the story toward a happy and energetic ending. 2) Did you enjoy the production? Why or why not? I enjoy comedies and I love many of the songs that were in the play so I could not help but laugh and sing along at times. The production was very good overall. I was uncomfortable with the strippers. The very suggestive dances and constant presence of the outfits were not necessary for the overall story. The females playing the strippers did a good job and did deliver in lines and lyrics. The actors did a very convincing job. The vocals were strong and the live rock band gave the show a punch. The small stage and limited seating at the Virginia Samford Theatre were strengths. The actors were close and you could see every expression. The size of the theatre helps pull you into the play. 3) Which actors did a convincing job? Describe their technique. I was very impressed with the quality of Birmingham talent. Many of the mainShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The West A Full Length Play1524 Words   |  7 PagesPlays have been around for many years, they have transformed through the years, getting better and better. A play would be considered as an event that is held at the theatre which means â€Å"seeing place†. Plays have a playwright who creates the play and then there are actors, or characters, who take the role of the people in the play to make it come alive for the audience. Theatres and plays come from ancient Greece. There are many different aspects of a play; the playwright, the genre of the play whichRead MoreThe Comedic Tragedy Of A Tragic Comedy1590 Words   |  7 Pageswriting exemplified. When one thinks of his plays a plethora of different genres come to mind. Shakespeare had a knack for writing plays that could be classified by genres on each end of the spectrum and in between as well. His repertoire includes heartfelt comedies, all the way to the other extreme, which are drama-filled tragedies. Each genre brings about a necessity for different literary devices as well as some unique language that can influence the plot in many different ways. Shakespeare has anRead MoreThe Structure Of The Play A Play820 Words   |  4 Pagesthe story through a play. A play is a basic unit of theatre. Plays are not considered â€Å"things† they are events with action surrounding a conflict. Written plays have existed for 2500 years. There are two primary ways to understand plays, according to genre and structure of the play. Genre is the plays type, the two major genres are tragedies and comedies but there are an infinite amount of other genres as well. The structure of the play is how the action of a play is structured, alsoRead MoreTragedy and Comedy Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesentertain but move and shape its audience. Two such genres of theater, or drama, have consistently achieved this effect. Tragedy, represented by the weeping actors’ mask, usually features the title character’s fall from greatness to ruin, guided by the gods or fate. Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, is the epitome of classic Tragedy, as defined by Aristotle (96-101). Here, Oedipus falls from kingship to blindness and exile. Drama’s other great genre, Comedy, is represented by the laughing actors’ maskRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex 1309 Words   |  6 PagesEven as li terature has multiple genres, themes can still parallel each other regardless that they will appear in two altogether varying works conceived and written by very different authors and in distinctly separate timeframes. Even as The Kite Runner is written as a work of historical fiction and Oedipus Rex develops a well known and praised Greek tragedy, a theme of betrayal places itself throughout both. Literature demonstrates that morals can genuinely be learned through any method. In bothRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Searchers1624 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Analysis-The Searchers Dean Childs ENG 225 Allison Sansbury November 10, 2014 The Searchers Throughout this class, various discussions and blogs have been used to analyze the different elements of films such as theme, cinematic techniques and genre. It is time to bring all of these separate elements together in the analysis of one specific film, according to class text, â€Å"analyzing levels of meaning below the surface story can greatly enhance enjoyment as well as understanding ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Red Pyramid1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthe story in a first person point of view, Sadie and Carter help the reader visualize both sides of the story and how one’s perspective can be so different from another. By looking at the rules and order of the book, the characters and the religious plot, it is clear to see that Rick Riordan is trying to convince the reader that the message of the book is that history repeats itself unless you learn from your mistakes. Every book has its own way of being told and written, the Red Pyramid has differentRead MoreSnatch: Narrative and Audiences929 Words   |  4 PagesGangster genre. The film uses the codes and conventions of this genre which creates meaning for its audiences. As in all films the first ten minutes are the key in setting up the audiences expectations and also to inform its viewers of information needed to understand the rest of the film. By the genre one has narrative expectations due to the stereotypes of genre films, in this case it might be, gunfights, scams and money making schemes. Also certain themes will be expected as gangster genre filmsRead MoreI’m Going! A Comedy in One Act by Tristan Bernard862 Words   |  3 PagesTherefore, it is the purpose of this paper to analyze Tristan Bernard’s play titled â€Å"I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act† using the formalist approach. â€Å"I’m Going! A Comedy in One Act† is a farce about a married-li fe conversation between Henri and Jeanne that is â€Å"†¦exaggerated to a ridiculous level to create humor–and comment on inflexible human behavior† (Clugston, 2010). Moreover, a farce according to our text is â€Å"a comedy; a short play, in which both subtle humor and hilarity are developed through improbableRead MoreThe Mousetrap, The Real Inspector Hound, And The Murder Of Roger Ackroyd1096 Words   |  5 PagesGeneric convention are elements employed in text that cause them to be labeled as distinct genre (Devitt 174). These conventions almost have to be used or the text’s genre will not be identifiable. Different genres contains various conventions that can be identified through plot, themes, characterization, setting, language or subgenre. A crime fiction will contain a mysterious crime, detectives, a killer and a victim, violence, lamentation for the loss of an innocent life, rich and professional

The term Postmodernism Essay Paper Example For Students

The term Postmodernism Essay Paper Modernism sought the sacrifice of beauty for the pursuit of functionality, but under postmodernism, there is an understanding that aesthetics and functionality can coexist. IKEA furniture for example minimalist space saving functionality merged with aesthetics. Finally, another significant feature of postmodernism is the celebration of difference rather than good or bad. This concept rejects all moral principles. Writers like Kumar call it nihilism. Expansion of religious beliefs and local knowledge are some examples in the West. This has led to the emergence of political correctness and the acceptance of difference. Disability groups prefer to view difference as desirable more than acceptable. There is evidence to suggest that difference can sometimes bring confusion due to its ambiguous nature and through the variations of choice. For instance workplace diversity has resulted in greater numbers of people with disabilities entering the labour force. In this case, diversity has been desirable and seen as progressive in western societies. Alternatively, some differences such as religious practices can be seen as undesirable. One such example is the suspicion towards Islam in the Western world or some practices of female circumcision. Here it demonstrates how confusion arises in postmodern condition as tolerance towards difference spreads in uneven directions across societies. Postmodernism and post modernization Despite having discussed above the key features of postmodernism, it remains difficult to provide a clear stand-alone description. David Lyon (1999) has provided the most palatable explanation of postmodernism, taking into account modernism. He describes postmodernism as an evolving process between modernity and postmodernity. The process could be the extension of modernity or the collapse of modernity. Lyon suggests this process can incorporate this at the same time depending on the circumstance. Moreover, it means some elements of modernity can be abandoned while others are maintained. Lyon writes that postmodernism and post-modernity need to be viewed in terms of each other. Postmodernism refers to the cultural experience, while postmodernity he argues refers to the social experience. In the case of producing, consuming and distribution of symbolic goods, Lyon writes that this process merges the boundaries between hierarchies and systems of knowledge. Lyon explains the social and the cultural cannot exist without each other. However, Lyon is one of the writers to raise the following theoretical arguments on postmodernism. Modernism : dead or alive? Some critics like Crook et al, Connor Bertens and Natoli prefer to focus on how society is not modern to give an idea of what postmodernism is. Some critics like Baudrillard and Lyotard, argue that there is a clear end to modernism and beginning to postmodernism. These writers are vague about their description of postmodernism yet seem to debate the prevalence or death of modernity. Lyotard for instance thought that modernity was dead by explaining that Truth as a condition of modernity was replaced by performativity, or usefulness, a condition of postmodernism (Connor, 1989). Connor critiqued Lyotard by arguing utility was another form of rationalisation. Beaudrillard, who focussed on symbolism and consumer culture, wrote that the end of economy symbolised the end of modernity and described that modernity is losing all its substance for the pursuit of the superficial aesthetic (Kumar, 1995). Bertens and Natoli (2002) critiqued Baudrillards predominant concern with symbols over the real and referred to his exaggerated view of postmodernism as represented by symbolism as a hyper-reality. Postmodernism or late modernity? Some writers describe society and culture as late modernity while others prefer to describe it as postmodern. It is unclear that there is a difference between the two. Kumar describes postmodenism as the effect of key changes including sensitivity to difference in society and acceptance of pathological arguments. For Kumar, the dismantling of society does not equal the end of modernity. .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 , .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .postImageUrl , .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 , .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63:hover , .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63:visited , .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63:active { border:0!important; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63:active , .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63 .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb2b008f84851ae64c8e0b4cfa96bf63:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Usury EssayDeconstructionist writers like Derrida and De Sassure focus on theories that fragment metanarratives or truth. Their focus is on plurality of knowledge by way of multiple interpretations of signs like those in mass media and consumer culture (Beaudrillard, 1988). In this way, it is no longer possible to utilise one narrative, as signs in consumer culture are pastiched and can provide plural meanings rather than contradictory ones. While for Baudrillard and Lyotard, plurality is the demise of the authentic and therefore the end of modernity, Kumar, describes the extension of modernity in saying the combination of many traditions to form a new, rather than rejection of the old tradition. (Kumar,1995,105) Kumar explains that it is not clear that postmodernity has begun, nor that modernity is clearly over. Rather than it being a clearly demarcated phase, it is described as unevenly loose process that is clearly happening where There is simply a more or less random directionless flux across all sections of society. (Kumar, 1995, 103). He perceives these changes to be consistent with postmodernism but realizes there is no guiding principle for the change as for example in Marxist theory and capitalism. Other key writers advocating for the relevance of modernism, are Smart, Lash Ury, Crook and Habermas. Crook (1992) critiques Habermas by arguing that we are in an advanced state of modernism or known as late modernism rather than postmodernism. He argues that if capitalism is associated with modernism, then advanced rationalisation and comodification can only mean we are in a high level of modernism. Crook prefers to sit more on the fence and although advises against nostalgia for modernism he explains it is too early to predict the postmodern condition but also premature to say modernism is over (Crook et al, 1992). Meta narratives like progress and rationality are still sought as the final end. To conclude this briefing, an understanding of postmodernism in the absence of a clearly guided definition has been provided. Potmodernism referred to the breakdown of modernity or at least the transformation of modernity. This briefing discussed that where modernism meant the embracing of universal truths like progress, reason and rationality, postmodernism could be seen in two ways; abandonment of the modern for the pursuit of a different approach or the extension of modernity. Under this scenario, I discussed the blurring of different knowledge. The question remains to be clarified as to whether western society is in a modern or postmodern reality. Given the Bush administrations post September 11 warfare, the pursuit for truth like freedom and liberty has widened the gap between modern and postmodern thinking at a global level and polarized those who believe in universal truths and those that do not.